Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of contributors
- Editors' preface
- PART I PHYSIOLOGY
- PART II METHODOLOGY
- PART III PATHOLOGY
- 34 Hereditary thrombocytopenias
- 35 Thrombocytopenias due to bone marrow disorders
- 36 Immune-mediated thrombocytopenia
- 37 Thrombocytopenia in childhood
- 38 Alloimmune thrombocytopenia
- 39 Drug-induced and drug-dependent immune thrombocytopenias
- 40 Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and hemolytic uremic syndrome
- 41 Thrombocytosis and thrombocythemia
- 42 Platelet adhesive protein defect disorders
- 43 Congenital disorders of platelet secretion
- 44 Congenital platelet signal transduction defects
- 45 Acquired platelet function defects
- 46 Platelet storage and transfusion
- 47 Pathophysiology of arterial thrombosis
- 48 Platelets and atherosclerosis
- 49 Platelet involvement in venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism
- 50 Gene regulation of platelet function
- 51 Platelets and bacterial infections
- 52 Interactions of viruses and platelets and the inactivation of viruses in platelet concentrates prepared for transfusion
- 53 Platelets and parasites
- 54 Platelets and tumours
- 55 Platelets and renal diseases
- 56 Platelets and allergic diseases
- 57 Platelet interactions with other cells related to inflammatory diseases
- 58 Platelets and the preimplantation stage of embryo development
- 59 Platelets in psychiatric and neurological disorders
- 60 Platelets in inflammatory bowel disease
- PART IV PHARMOLOGY
- PART V THERAPY
- Afterword: Platelets: a personal story
- Index
- Plate section
46 - Platelet storage and transfusion
from PART III - PATHOLOGY
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 10 May 2010
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of contributors
- Editors' preface
- PART I PHYSIOLOGY
- PART II METHODOLOGY
- PART III PATHOLOGY
- 34 Hereditary thrombocytopenias
- 35 Thrombocytopenias due to bone marrow disorders
- 36 Immune-mediated thrombocytopenia
- 37 Thrombocytopenia in childhood
- 38 Alloimmune thrombocytopenia
- 39 Drug-induced and drug-dependent immune thrombocytopenias
- 40 Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and hemolytic uremic syndrome
- 41 Thrombocytosis and thrombocythemia
- 42 Platelet adhesive protein defect disorders
- 43 Congenital disorders of platelet secretion
- 44 Congenital platelet signal transduction defects
- 45 Acquired platelet function defects
- 46 Platelet storage and transfusion
- 47 Pathophysiology of arterial thrombosis
- 48 Platelets and atherosclerosis
- 49 Platelet involvement in venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism
- 50 Gene regulation of platelet function
- 51 Platelets and bacterial infections
- 52 Interactions of viruses and platelets and the inactivation of viruses in platelet concentrates prepared for transfusion
- 53 Platelets and parasites
- 54 Platelets and tumours
- 55 Platelets and renal diseases
- 56 Platelets and allergic diseases
- 57 Platelet interactions with other cells related to inflammatory diseases
- 58 Platelets and the preimplantation stage of embryo development
- 59 Platelets in psychiatric and neurological disorders
- 60 Platelets in inflammatory bowel disease
- PART IV PHARMOLOGY
- PART V THERAPY
- Afterword: Platelets: a personal story
- Index
- Plate section
Summary
Introduction
Platelet transfusion has become a routine component of modern medical care. Each year, approximately 2000000 such transfusions are administered in the United States. This chapter will review the preparation, storage, clinical use and complications of platelet transfusion.
Platelet preparation
Platelet concentrates (PC) for transfusion may be obtained from routine donations of whole blood or by apheresis (AP–PC), using citrate as the anticoagulant. There are two methods for preparing PC from whole blood, the plateletrich- plasma method (PRP–PC) and the buffy coat method (BC–PC)(Fig. 46.1).
In evaluating the quality of PC, much attention is now being given to the number of contaminating leukocytes as well as to the appropriate platelet content. Problems related to contaminating leukocytes will be discussed in the section on complications of platelet transfusion. Many now recommend a totally leuko-reduced blood supply to reduce the frequency of these complications. Platelets can be filtered during infusion at the bedside, but, for reasons to be discussed, it is probably preferable to perform leukoreduction at the time of preparation of the PC. In the United States, an AP–PC or a pool of PRP–PC is considered leukoreduced if it contains less than 5 × 106 leukocytes while the standard in Europe is 1 × 106.
Whole-blood-derived PC
PRP–PC
At present, this is the only method used in North America for preparing whole-blood-derived PC. 450–500 ml (a unit) of whole blood is held for up to 8 hours at room temperature, and PRP is separated from red cells and buffy coat by low-speed centrifugation.
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- Information
- Platelets in Thrombotic and Non-Thrombotic DisordersPathophysiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, pp. 707 - 724Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2002