Book contents
- Frontmatter
- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
- Contents
- Introduction
- 1 On learning languages in general
- 2 The nature of Arabic and the character of this course
- 3 Arabic script (13); The alphabet (14–17); Roots and patterns (18); Layout and punctuation (19)
- 4 The families B, J, D and R
- 5 The families S and thick S/T
- 6 The families ‘/F and K
- 7 The orphans and rejects
- 8 The vowels in Arabic: Short vowels (44–5); Diphthongs (46); Long vowels (47–8); Stress (49)
- 9 A final review of sounds and signs: Hamza (53); Madda (54); Wasla (55); Shadda (56); Bound-t (57); Names of consonants (58); Names of vowels (59)
- 10 Standard Verb in māḍī (62–7); Standard Noun (68–73)
- 11 Plurals (75–6); Sentence types: Verbal Sentence (77–8); Nominal Sentences (79–80); Nominal Absolutes (81); Summary of points (82)
- 12 Agreement (83–5); The Construct (86–8)
- 13 Standard Verb in muḍari' (91–3); Independent personal pronouns (94–5); Attached personal pronouns (96–8)
- 14 Sound Plurals (100–2); Dual nouns (103); Subjunctive and Jussive modifications of muḍāri' (104–6); Ambiguities in endings alif, -W, -Y, and -T (107)
- 15 Diptotes (109–10); Demonstratives (111–13); Imperatives (114–15); Participles and maṣdars
- 16 Derived Form II (121–2); Derived Form III (123–4); Derived Form IV (125–6)
- 17 Derived Form V (128–9); Derived Form VI (130–1); Wāw of Circumstance (132); Negatives (133–7)
- 18 Derived Form VII (139); Derived Form VIII (140); Derived Form X (141–2); Positive time-indicators (143)
- 19 Passives (145–6); Plurals of four-consonant nouns (147); Nouns of Time and Place (148); Nouns of Instrument (149)
- 20 Conditional and Quasi-Conditional Sentences (151–7); Colours and Defects (158); Elatives (159–60)
- 21 Minor peculiarities in verbs (162–5); Peculiar common nouns (166); Some essential distinctions (167)
- 22 Hollow Roots: Māḍī and muḍāri' of Form I (169–72)
- 23 Hollow Roots: Participles 1 (174); Maṣdar I (175); Forms II, III, V and VI (176)
- 24 Hollow Roots: Forms VII and VIII (178); Forms IV and X (179); Hollow Passives (180)
- 25 Weak Roots: General (182); Māḍī 1 (183); Muḍāri' I (184–5); Active Participles I (186); Passive Participles I (187); Miscellaneous noun-patterns (weak) I (188)
- 26 Weak Roots: Derived Forms in general (190); Form II (191); Form III (192); Form IV (193)
- 27 Weak Roots: Form V (195); Form VI (196); Form VII (197); Form VIII (198); Form X (199); Weak Passives (200)
- 28 Roots with multiple peculiarities (202–3); Cardinal numbers in combination (205); Government of cardinals (206); Polarity in cardinals (207); Cardinals 3–10 (208); 11–19 (209); 20 upwards (210); Ordinals, units and whole tens (211); Ordinals 11–19 (212); Fractions (213); Basic roots (215)
- Postscript
- Texts and analyses
- Vocabulary
25 - Weak Roots: General (182); Māḍī 1 (183); Muḍāri' I (184–5); Active Participles I (186); Passive Participles I (187); Miscellaneous noun-patterns (weak) I (188)
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 June 2012
- Frontmatter
- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
- Contents
- Introduction
- 1 On learning languages in general
- 2 The nature of Arabic and the character of this course
- 3 Arabic script (13); The alphabet (14–17); Roots and patterns (18); Layout and punctuation (19)
- 4 The families B, J, D and R
- 5 The families S and thick S/T
- 6 The families ‘/F and K
- 7 The orphans and rejects
- 8 The vowels in Arabic: Short vowels (44–5); Diphthongs (46); Long vowels (47–8); Stress (49)
- 9 A final review of sounds and signs: Hamza (53); Madda (54); Wasla (55); Shadda (56); Bound-t (57); Names of consonants (58); Names of vowels (59)
- 10 Standard Verb in māḍī (62–7); Standard Noun (68–73)
- 11 Plurals (75–6); Sentence types: Verbal Sentence (77–8); Nominal Sentences (79–80); Nominal Absolutes (81); Summary of points (82)
- 12 Agreement (83–5); The Construct (86–8)
- 13 Standard Verb in muḍari' (91–3); Independent personal pronouns (94–5); Attached personal pronouns (96–8)
- 14 Sound Plurals (100–2); Dual nouns (103); Subjunctive and Jussive modifications of muḍāri' (104–6); Ambiguities in endings alif, -W, -Y, and -T (107)
- 15 Diptotes (109–10); Demonstratives (111–13); Imperatives (114–15); Participles and maṣdars
- 16 Derived Form II (121–2); Derived Form III (123–4); Derived Form IV (125–6)
- 17 Derived Form V (128–9); Derived Form VI (130–1); Wāw of Circumstance (132); Negatives (133–7)
- 18 Derived Form VII (139); Derived Form VIII (140); Derived Form X (141–2); Positive time-indicators (143)
- 19 Passives (145–6); Plurals of four-consonant nouns (147); Nouns of Time and Place (148); Nouns of Instrument (149)
- 20 Conditional and Quasi-Conditional Sentences (151–7); Colours and Defects (158); Elatives (159–60)
- 21 Minor peculiarities in verbs (162–5); Peculiar common nouns (166); Some essential distinctions (167)
- 22 Hollow Roots: Māḍī and muḍāri' of Form I (169–72)
- 23 Hollow Roots: Participles 1 (174); Maṣdar I (175); Forms II, III, V and VI (176)
- 24 Hollow Roots: Forms VII and VIII (178); Forms IV and X (179); Hollow Passives (180)
- 25 Weak Roots: General (182); Māḍī 1 (183); Muḍāri' I (184–5); Active Participles I (186); Passive Participles I (187); Miscellaneous noun-patterns (weak) I (188)
- 26 Weak Roots: Derived Forms in general (190); Form II (191); Form III (192); Form IV (193)
- 27 Weak Roots: Form V (195); Form VI (196); Form VII (197); Form VIII (198); Form X (199); Weak Passives (200)
- 28 Roots with multiple peculiarities (202–3); Cardinal numbers in combination (205); Government of cardinals (206); Polarity in cardinals (207); Cardinals 3–10 (208); 11–19 (209); 20 upwards (210); Ordinals, units and whole tens (211); Ordinals 11–19 (212); Fractions (213); Basic roots (215)
- Postscript
- Texts and analyses
- Vocabulary
Summary
182. Weak Roots in general. While, in a sense, all roots containing any unstable radical could be described as “weak”, we use the term here in the restricted connotation of those roots having w or y as their third radical. In some ways their behaviour parallels that of Hollow Roots; at times, however, the Weak Roots are considerably more complex and diverse; in at least one respect, namely the lack of any distinction between w and y roots in the Derived Forms, they are rather simpler than the Hollow Roots to learn and remember. Once again, the basic operative principle is that a syllable in Arabic cannot normally be both long and closed. Perhaps the most obvious characteristic of the Weak Roots is a tendency, where the weak radical is retained, to make diphthongs.
183. Weak Roots: Māḍī of I. As with the Hollow Verbs, there are in Form I two major categories, divided according to the exact nature of the final radical as w or y; and a third, minor category that may have either radical originally, but displays only y, and that with a fixed, deviant vowel-pattern. We give below the three categories set out at length for the three verbs da'ā (D'W), “to call” (and many shades of meaning, with different prepositions relating to “invitation”, “prayer”, “blessing” and “cursing”); ramà (RMY), “to throw, aim, pelt”; and raḍiya (RḌW), “to accept, be tolerant, indulgent” (of, towards: bi 'an and other constructions).
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Arabic GrammarA First Workbook, pp. 89 - 93Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 1980